To install sharepoint 2010 on windows 7 we should install some pre-requisites

1.  Microsoft Sync Framework
2. Microsoft Geneva Framework Beta 1 Runtime
3.  Chart Controls
4.  SQL Server Analysis Services.

Complete details of installing sharepoint 2010 in windows 7 is described at the following location

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee554869(office.14).aspx